Whats the Difference Between Probation and Parole

Probation and parole are privileges—rather than rights—that allow convicted criminals to avoid going to prison or serve only a portion of their sentences. Both are conditional on good behavior, and both have the goal of  rehabilitating offenders in a way that prepares them for life in society, thus reducing the likelihood that they will recommit or commit new crimes.   Key Takeaways: Probation and Parole Probation and parole allow Americans convicted of crimes to avoid serving time in prison.The goal of probation and parole is the rehabilitation of offenders in a way that will reduce the likelihood that they will recommit or commit new crimes.Probation is granted as part of the court’s sentencing process. It affords convicted offenders the opportunity to avoid serving all or part of their sentences in jail.Parole is granted after offenders have been incarcerated for some time, amounting to early release from prison. It is granted or denied by a prison parole board.Both probation and parole are granted conditionally and may be revoked for failure to comply with those conditions.The Fourth Amendment protection from unlawful searches and seizures by law enforcement officers does not extend to persons on probation or parole. However, there are important similarities and differences between these two often-confused features of the United States correctional system. Since the concept of convicted criminal offenders living in the community can be controversial, it is important to understand the functional differences between probation and parole. How Probation Works Probation is granted by the court as part of the convicted offender’s initial sentence. Probation may be granted in lieu of any jail time or after a short period of time in jail. Restrictions on the offender’s activities during his or her period of probation are specified by the judge as part of the  sentencing stage  of the trial. During the probationary period, offenders remain under the supervision of a state-administered probation agency.   Conditions of Probation Depending on the severity and circumstances of their crimes, offenders may be placed under active or inactive supervision during their probationary period. Offenders under active supervision are required to regularly report to their assigned probation agencies in person, by mail, or by telephone. Probationers on inactive status are excluded from regular reporting requirements. While free on probation, offenders—known as â€Å"probationers†Ã¢â‚¬â€ may be required fulfill certain conditions of their supervision, such as payments of fines, fees, or court costs, and participation in rehabilitation programs. Regardless of their supervisor status, all probationers are required to adhere to specific rules of conduct and behavior while in the community. Courts have great latitude in imposing condition of probation, which can vary from person to person and case to case. Typical conditions of probation include: Place of residence (for example, not near schools)Reporting to probation officersSatisfactory performance of court-approved community servicePsychological or substance abuse counselingPayment of finesPayment of restitution to crime victimsRestrictions on the use of drugs and alcoholProhibition of possession of firearms and other weaponsRestrictions on personal acquaintances and relationships In addition, probationers may be required to make periodic reports to the court showing that they had complied with all conditions of their probation during the reporting period. How Parole Works Parole allows convicted offenders to be conditionally released from prison to serve the remaining time of their sentence in the community. The granting of parole may be either discretionary—by the vote of a state-appointed prison parole board, or mandatory—according to provisions established by  federal sentencing guidelines. Unlike probation, parole is not an alternative sentence. Instead, parole is a privilege granted to some prisoners after they have served a percentage of their sentences. Like probationers, parolees are required to comply with terms and conditions while living in the community or face being returned to prison. Conditions of Parole Like probationers, offenders released on parole—called â€Å"parolees†Ã¢â‚¬â€are supervised by state-appointed parole officers and may be placed under either active or inactive supervision. As determined by the parole board, some common conditions of parole include: Reporting to a state-appointed supervisory parole officerMaintaining a job and a place of residenceNot leaving a specified geographic area without permissionAvoiding criminal activity and contact with victimsPassing random drug and alcohol testsAttending drug and alcohol counseling classesAvoiding contact with known criminals Parolees are typically required to meet periodically with an assigned parole officer. In addition, parole officers often make unannounced visits to parolees’ homes in order to determine whether or not they are complying with their conditions of parole. Eligibility for Parole Not all prison inmates are likely to be granted parole. For example, offenders who have been convicted of  violent crimes  like murder, kidnapping, rape, arson, or aggravated drug trafficking are far more rarely granted parole. A common misconception about parole is that it can be granted solely as a result of an inmate’s â€Å"good behavior† while incarcerated. While behavior is certainly a factor, parole boards consider many other factors, such as the inmate’s age, marital and parental status, mental condition, and criminal history. In addition, the parole board will factor in the severity and circumstances of the crime, the length of time served, and the inmate’s willingness to express remorse for committing the crime. Inmates who are unable to show the ability or willingness to establish a permanent residence and get a job after release are seldom granted parole, regardless of other factors.   During the parole hearing, the inmate will be questioned by the board members. In addition, members of the public are typically allowed to speak for or against the granting of parole. Relatives of crime victims, for example, often speak at parole hearings. Most importantly, parole will be granted only if the board is satisfied that the inmate’s release will pose no threat to public safety and that the inmate is willing to comply with his or her conditions of parole and is able to reenter the community. Probation, Parole, and the Fourth  Amendment The  Fourth Amendment  to the United States Constitution protects the people from unlawful searches and seizures by law enforcement officers does not extend to persons on probation or parole. Police can search the residences, vehicles, and property of probationers and parolees at any time without a search warrant. Any weapons, drugs, or other items found that violate the conditions of probation or parole may be seized and used as evidence against the probationer or parolee. Along with having their probation or parole revoked, offenders may face additional criminal charges for possessing illegal drugs, guns, or stolen merchandise. Probation and Parole Statistics Overview At the end of 2016, some 4.5 million people were on probation or parole—twice the number of people incarcerated in federal prisons and local jails, according to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). This means that 1 in 55 U.S. adults (nearly 2% of all adults) were on probation or parole in 2016, a population increase of 239% since 1980. While the purpose of probation and parole is to prevent offenders from returning to jail, BJS has reported that roughly 2.3 million people on probation or parole annually fail to successfully complete their supervision. Failure to complete supervision typically results from the commission of new crimes, rules violations, and â€Å"absconding,† leaving hurriedly and secretly, typically to avoid detection of or arrest for a crime. Each year almost 350,000 of those individuals return to jail or prison, often because of rule violations rather than new crimes. Sources Kaeble, Danielle Bonczar, Thomas P.,  Ã¢â‚¬Å",†Probation And Parole In The United States, 2015  Bureau of Justice Statistics, December 21, 2016Abidinsky, Howard.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Probation and Parole: Theory and Practice.†Ã‚  Englewood Cliffs, N.J.  Prentice Hall, 1991.Boland, Barbara; Mahanna, Paul; and Stones, Ronald.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Prosecution of Felony Arrests,†Ã‚  1988. Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992.Bureau of Justice Statistics.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Probation and Parole Population Reaches Almost 3.8 Million.†Ã‚  Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1996.

The Patriot Act Through Congress Essay - 1601 Words

There is no denying the events occurring on September 11, 2001 changed the world as we knew it. Over 3,000 people lost their lives because of them, and countless others were severely impacted as well. These attacks saw immediate changes to the way people traveled to, from and in America. Most importantly, these attacks were deliberate, precisely planned and executed. But by who? Now, before jumping to the automatic assumption that the 9/11 commision report is completely honest and accurate, please continue reading this essay with an open mind as I shed light on the fact that United States government was actually behind the whole thing. Thinking about the government knowing about these attacks and doing nothing about it is sickening. Nobody wants to believe it, and that makes it all the ever more important. The first thing that may come to mind when trying to comprehend this idea is, why would the government want to do something like this anyway? One theory suggests that they needed to push the Patriot Act through congress. The Patriot Act’s title is a ten-letter backronym (USA PATRIOT) which stands for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. It was signed by former President George W. Bush in October of 2001. Another theory suggests that the United States government needed to justify the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003. Nothing fires up patriotism like an attack on our ownShow MoreRelatedThe Patriot Act : a Summary Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study: The USA PATRIOT Act One of the most controversial policies to pass legislation within the United States congress with the approval of our president at the time, George W. Bush, was the USA PATRIOT Act. The USA PATRIOT Act is actually a acronym for the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act. This Act reduced the restrictions, which now allowed the law the power to search various electronic communications recordsRead MoreIntroduction of the USA Patriot Act1278 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction The USA Patriot Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) of 2001 was issued on October 26, 2001, by President George W. Bush, with the purpose of providing a response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The act was intended to reform the agenda regarding law enforcement agencies and their limitations. 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Many have asked the questionÂ… is the cure worse than the disease? In order to appr opriately analyze the Patriot Act, it is important to look at its exact stipulations, and how it has been used (misused) at the time of its passage and now. On Oct 24th 2001, the Patriot Act made its first appearance in front of the 107th Congress. In a move towardsRead More Patriot Act Essays1231 Words   |  5 PagesPatriot Act Were dealing with terrorists who operate by highly sophisticated methods and technologies, some of which were not even available when our existing laws were written. The bill before me accounts for the new realities and dangers posed by modern terrorists. It will help law enforcement to identify, dismantle, disrupt, and punish terrorists before they strike, (President George W. Bush at signing of Patriot Act, 2001). The terrorists of today cannot be reasoned with. We must doRead MoreThe Patriot Act, By George W. Bush Signed The Uniting And Strengthening America Act954 Words   |  4 PagesTHE PATRIOT ACT On October 26, 2001, George W. Bush signed the Uniting and Strengthening America Act by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, better known as the Patriot Act, into law (â€Å"USA Patriot Act†). This act gave the National Security Agency and the US Department of justice the power to monitor domestic and international electronic communications. The goal of the act was to give federal and local agencies the power to monitor communications inRead MoreThe Patriot Act And The United States1376 Words   |  6 Pagesanything like this from happening again. Consequently, an act known as the USA PATRIOT act was passed by Congress. This act opened up many doors previously closed to law enforcement and intelligence agencies. With these new opportunities available to them, they have the capability to obtain information about specific individuals believed to be involved in terrorist activities and organizations. Very beneficial to the Un ited States, the Patriot Act provides easier access for different government lawRead MoreThe Freedom Of Privacy Act1078 Words   |  5 PagesThesis Statement: The Freedom of Privacy Act is design to counter and replace the unconstitutional Patriot Act, and return privacy back to our nation. V. Preview briefing: The increase of government intrusion has been on the rise since the Patriot Act was turned into law which have infringed on our constitutional rights, and that the Freedom of Privacy Act if on voted by congress will give us back those rights. We will also be taking any question about the act if there are any. Transition: In orderRead MoreGeorge Bush: Congress and 9/111290 Words   |  6 Pageswield power in times of peril. In this time, saw the role of congress diminish, while on contrary expanding the power of the executive. Following the events of September 11th, 2001, which change the setting of the presidency and congressional relationship.By means of manipulation, deceiving, bypassing congress, and using the crisis of September 11th to greatly expand the power of the executive branch, while diminishing the role of congress. Although the threat of Al-Qaeda is prevalentRead MoreWhere Do You Stand on the Usa Patriot Act?1068 Words   |  5 Pagesthe limits of America s core freedoms. Congress passed the USA Patriot Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) in 2001 just weeks after the attacks, with the intention of helping law enforcement act more effectively in investigating potential terrorists. However, this act may do more harm than good. Some groups, such as the American Library Association, state that the act infringes on Fourth Amendment rights guaranteed

Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest and Anthony...

When African slaves were sold to Americans, they lost their fundamental rights as human beings. However, their inferiority was further cemented when slaves eventually conformed to their white owners. In slavery’s infancy, almost all slaves resisted against their oppressors in one form or another but had limited to no success. These failed resistances eventually led to hopelessness for the slaves as they even began to consider slavery as an accepted practice. Many slaves developed a notion of performing their forced labour more willingly and in turn their owners decreased the beatings and cruelty towards them (â€Å"Slavery in the United States.†) For instance, slaves who displayed respect towards their owners were assigned to perform less†¦show more content†¦An important difference between the books, however, lies in the regimes’ method of oppression. Ms.Ratched’s reign is rooted in stability because she commands her ward with an iron fist and do es not allow any opportunity for an uprising. To compare, in Alex’s society, there is a lack of regulations enforced by the corrupt government’s hired police, which cause the citizens to question the validity of their administration. Both Nurse Ratched and the totalitarian government in A Clockwork Orange utilize technology, in the form inhibiting the brain from functioning on free will, to preserve their own power. To begin, Nurse Ratched, in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, employs electroshock therapy on those who challenge her authority over the hospital. When Randle McMurphy confesses his weakness towards the nurse’s electroshock therapy, Chief relates this struggle to his father’s battle with alcohol: â€Å"‘My father was real big. Every time he put the bottle to his mouth, he don’t suck out of it, it sucks out of him †¦ I’m not saying they killed him. They just worked on him, the way they’re working on you.’† (Kesey 189) In other words, Chief uses the symbol of alcohol to warn McMurphy that, similar to alcoholics after drinking, patients of shock therapy only appear jolly

Viral Hepatitis Essay Sample free essay sample

Viral hepatitis are distinguishable diseases that affects and injures the liver due to the inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. They are caused by the taint of nutrient or H2O. the pattern of insecure sex. and by the use of soiled panpipes or acerate leafs. There are six known types of hepatitis. but the three which are most common include A-B-and C. as they cause about 90 per centum of ague ( lasts less than six months ) hepatitis instances in Canada. Many people infected by this disease misidentify it for the grippe for its flu-like symptoms. or don’t notice it at all because it’s besides possible to see hepatitis with no symptoms at all. It is a deadly disease. as hepatitis B kills 500. 000 people entirely each twelvemonth. Many people have a complete recovery from this infection. while others unwittingly carry and spread it to other people ( hc-sc. gv. ca ) . The hepatitis A virus ( HAV ) was identified in 1973 and is an acute infective disease of the liver and is most normally passed on by the fecal-oral path by eating or imbibing something that is contaminated. The virus is frequently caused by eating natural or undercooked nutrient. nutrient being handled by people who haven’t washed their custodies. contaminated H2O by animate beings or human waste. or by sexual interaction with person who’s already been infected. There are around 1. 5 million diagnosed instances each twelvemonth. with the incubation period runing from 15-50 yearss. the mean being around 28-30 yearss ( hc-sc. gv. ca ) . Hepatitis A does non hold a chronic phase and does non do liver harm. Prevention from this virus can be by the Hepatitis A inoculation. and holding a good hygiene. The vaccinum has over a 95 % rate against infection. and is given in two doses in the musculus of the upper arm. When the infection has occurred. the immune system generates antibodies against the HAV that protects the hazard of extra infection. Therefore. people who have already recovered from Hepatitis A would non necessitate a vaccinum. as they are now immune to the disease ( wikipedia. com ) . There is no specific intervention for HAV to day of the month. But when infected. the best manner to retrieve is by remainder. a healthy diet. and remaining hydrated. Generally. people infected by this disease make non keep it for life. as the organic structure will seek to contend off the virus of course. Recovery clip from symptoms normally takes topographic point within four to six hebdomads ( webmd. com ) . Hepatitis B ( HBV ) is the most common type of hepatitis in the universe. It is caused by HBV. which taints the liver and causes redness labelled as hepatitis. More than two billion people world-wide have been affected by this virus. which includes three 100 and 50 million chronic instances. A astonishing 1. 5 million people die from hepatitis B each twelvemonth. ( beyonddiscovery. org ) . While hepatitis has been known about for centuries. physicians had merely discovered the cause of the virus in 1963. where they believed it was spread through contact with septic bodily fluids ( silent persons. com ) . HBV is a hepadnavirus. and contains a round genome made up by reasonably double-stranded DNA. The virus would retroflex through RNA by rearward written text. Not merely does the virus occur in the liver. but the disease besides spreads to the blood where the anti-bodies of virus specific proteins are found in septic people ( wikipedia. com ) . Hepatitis is obtained by prosecuting in unprotected sex. injection drug usage. tattoos or piercings with un-sterilized equipment. use of a toothbrush or razor of an affected individual. exposure to blood or bodily fluids of septic people. If a adult female happens to hold hepatitis B. and becomes pregnant. the kid will inherit this disease during birth. although a inoculation for the babe may assist the infection ( webmd. com ) . Merely as hepatitis A. many people do non cognize they have obtained the virus because they have non felt any symptoms. If they happen to hold symptoms. they most probably will misidentify it for the grippe since the indexs are about the same. A blood trial is given to see if the patient has hepatitis B now. or has had it in the base on balls. If liver harm has already occurred from HBV. a biopsy will be needed. Most likely. the hepatitis B will travel off on its ain. If person has chronic hepatitis B. intervention will depend whether the infection is declining and damaging your liver. There are medical specialties for chronic hepatitis B. although most people who have the infection will digest full and normal lives by eating and exerting right. Geting regular medical examinations by the phys ician is besides a must. as the hepatitis might all of a sudden get down assailing at any minute. any clip. Every homo is susceptible to hepatitis B. and it is advised to take a inoculation of three shootings ( such as twinrix ) to forestall the virus. Hepatitis C is a disease infecting the liver. based on the Hepatitis C Virus ( HCV ) . The infection is normally symptomless. but can take to cirrhosis as advanced scarring. which may so turn into liver malignant neoplastic disease. and liver failure ( wikipedia. com ) . The virus was originally called â€Å"non-A non-B hepatitis† because it was known that hepatitis A and B were non the cause of the non-A non B hepatitis. but was so officially changed go hepatitis C in 1989 ( silent persons. com ) . It is spread by the blood of an affected individual. The transportation of blood may be because of shared acerate leafs to shoot illegal drugs. organ graft or blood transfusion before 1992 ( before that twelvemonth hepatitis C was non checked for ) . a shooting. tattoo or piercing by a needle with septic blood still on it. and by a kid that birth was given to by an septic female parent. It is still diffident whether hepatitis C can be inherited through sexual contact. although if p ossible. the opportunities are slender. Symptoms for the hepatitis C virus can travel from nil to the feeling of being really tired. tummy hurting. joint hurting. antsy tegument. sore musculuss. and dark piss. Although there is no vaccinum for hepatitis C. the best manner to protect yourself would be by non sharing acerate leafs. have oning protective baseball mitts and vesture when managing contaminated objects. and doing certain instruments are sterilized before acquiring a tattoo. a piercing. or stylostixis. The bulk of people will detect that they have hepatitis C by accident. normally during a everyday wellness check-up. as physicians will recognize the high degrees on enzymes in their blood. If the physician has a intuition that the patient may hold or hold occurred hepatitis C. a blood trial will be administered. Antibodies will demo up if hep. C has been present earlier. and a 2nd trial will inform the patient that they presently have the virus. If found. a liver biopsy will be administered to observe if any scarring has occurred from the hepatitis. It is besides possible to observe if you have hepatitis C by yourself. where you may travel to a drug shop and purchase a â€Å"Home Access Hepatitis C Check Kit† which will measure if you have the virus or non. Treatment depends on how terrible the hepatitis C is ( webmd. com ) . Generally. unlike hepatitis A and B. moralss has come into inquiry hep. C. With anti-viral interventions now available. members from disadvantaged group s ( chiefly people with psychiatric upsets and captives ) prevent these patients from having intervention. This is chiefly because of clinical. economic. and societal barriers. The research workers Geppert and Arora ( 2005 ) analyzed 5 clinical-ethical statements often presented for restricting patient entree to HCV intervention. which were risk/benefit balance. justness. conformity. cost-effectiveness. and favoritism. When all the research was completed and analyzed. the findings were that if mental wellness substance maltreatment professionals and gastroenterologists appropriately work together. the use of antiviral therapy for HCV can be efficaciously and safely expanded to disfavor populations. Doctors may urge antiviral medical specialty if the disease is serious plenty. Soon. there is besides on-going research taking topographic point to develop better drugs. without the side-effects. Hepatitis C may last a life-time. hence populating a healthy life style is an of import portion of intervention ( silent persons. com ) . Eating and exerting right is important for experiencing your be st. Avoiding intoxicant. illegal drugs and other medical specialties that will impact your liver in a negative manner is besides critical to forestall farther injury to the liver. Hepatitis is an ongoing disease that affects and kills 1000000s of people every twelvemonth. It is imperative that we. as a society halt this killing virus. Being informed is the best manner to halt this virus from turning. If everyone is cognizant and informed about the subject. the dream may come true. the dream where we live in a hepatitis-free universe. Mentions: Geppert. C. . Arora. S. 2005. Ethical issues in the intervention of hepatitis C. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical pattern diary of the American Gastroenterological Association: 3. 937-44. Hepatitis B narrative. ( 2003 ) . Retrieved May 8. 2009 from Beyond Discovery. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. beyonddiscovery. org/content/view. article. asp? a=265 Hepatitis. diseases and conditions. ( 2008 ) . Retrieved May 8. 2009 from Health Canada. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. hc-sc. gigahertz. ca/dc-ma/hep/index-eng. php # hep_a Hepatitis wellness centre. ( 2008 ) . Retrieved May 8. 2009 from WebMD. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. webmd. com/hepatitis/default. htm Hepatitis. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved May 8. 2009 from Wikipedia: hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hepatitis Declaiming the Hepatitis ABCs. ( 2007 ) . Retrieved May 8. 2009 from Dummies. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. silent persons. com/how-to/content/reciting-the-hepatitis-abcs. hypertext markup language